Demolition means to destroy or annihilation of something which is done on a purpose mostly Demolition of building means to break or destroy a building in such a way that some of it’s material which can be used again and is saved for the reconstruction of any other building (smaller than the previous one) which is to be constructed .It is the most dangerous activity in the sector of building or construction. The most effective way of doing this activity involves proficient risk control techniques , careful planning of the project and an environment friendly way of doing the activity which minimizes the harm to nature .The main things which are required for the proper ongoing of process are :-
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i). Sufficient time limit for the planning and working
ii).Well educated and trained professionals (constructors, managers,planners etc.)
iii).Sufficient required information for the process of construction.
To start the process the requirement of special permissions are required. Mainly requirement of legal permissions like government’s and owner’s (of the land or building) permission is taken.
Demolition methods
The major demolition method includes:-
i). Demolition by explosives = explosives allow fast and complete destruction in places where other methods cannot be applied due to slow or incomplete results. This is usually effective for destroying larger buildings which cannot be destroyed easily. This method requires extreme precautions and use of police is acquired to transcend the area and to make daily structural inspections after and before the demolition.
ii).Demolition by hand = this method is used in small scale destruction or in places where destruction is to be minimized and done extra carefully due to site constraints such as; pedestrian access, overhead utilities, structural instability etc.
iii).Demolition by machine = this is the most frequently used method and it reduces the need for humans to work in extreme conditions where manual handling is required or the work is done at more height.
Some common techniques and methods which are used includes:-
- .Swinging ball = heavy steel ball attached to the crane jib.
- .Wire rope = used for demolishing some parts of a structure.
- .Pushing arm = it is a machine fitted with hydraulic arm. But it can be used in small buildings only.
iv). other methods
Some other methods include:-
- .Hydraulic demolition = used for bursting out concrete and creating holes by using wedges and piston.
- .Thermal demolition = usage of thermal reaction to make materials lose strength.
- .Thermic lancing demolition = using thermo chemical reaction to destroy silica materials
- .Gas expansion buster demolition = same as hydraulic method without using wedges and piston.
- .Drilling and sawing demolition = used for cutting openings in reinforced concrete.
Buildings going for demolition generally contain hazardous waste, rubbish for landfills and recyclable materials. The best use of site waste lies in effective management plans. The management assists all demolition projects in ensuring the optimum recycling chains. Owner of the building can help by handing over empty buildings and reusing furniture and equipment. Demolition produces products which can be reused in creating building, but it usually works as a lower grade product than the original one like crushed structural concrete can be used for blinding and by treating it with other chemicals and products can make it achieve a structural grade. It is possible for an expert contractor to achieve 95% building recycling by mass, or it can be in even greater amount for some structures.
The overall conclusion states that demolition and reusing is a very efficient and cost effective method used in construction sector which can be improved even further to achieve greater results.